45 caliber Pedersoli Kentucky rifle. The 45 caliber bore occupies the middle ground between small-game 36 caliber and deer-hunting 50 caliber — capable of deer-sized game while using less powder and lead than a 50. Long octagonal barrel, maple stock. Type: Rifle Action: Single-Shot Caliber: 45 Cal Capacity: 1 Year introduced: 1970, Italy Weight: 112 oz Overall length: 51" Status: Active Intended use: traditional, hunting, historical