Powerful 9mm cartridge adopted by Spain and Belgium in the early 20th century. Shares the same 9mm bore as Luger but with a longer case and higher pressure, making it ballistically superior to standard 9mm while remaining incompatible with 9mm Luger firearms.
Type: Pistol
Introduced: 1903, Belgium
Parent case: 9mm Browning Long
Standardization: None
Bullet diameter: 0.355" (9.02 mm)
Case length: 0.91" (23.11 mm)
Overall length: 1.32" (33.53 mm)
Max pressure: 30,000 PSI
Rim type: Rimless
Primer: Small Pistol
Typical twist rate: 1:10
Muzzle velocity: 1100–1200 fps
Muzzle energy: 333–397 ft-lbs
Effective range: 50 yd
Common bullet weights: 124, 128 gr
Primary use: Military
Production status: Discontinued
Also known as: 9mm Bergmann-Bayard · 9x23mm Largo · 9mm Bayard Long
History: Originally developed for Theodore Bergmann's Model 1903 pistol, adopted by Belgium as the Bergmann-Bayard M1910. Spain adopted it as the standard military cartridge and chambered it in the Astra 400, 600, and Star Model B pistols for decades. Spanish forces used it through the Civil War and WWII. The cartridge remained in Spanish military service until the 1980s, with factory ammunition available…
Notable firearms: Bergmann-Bayard M1910, Astra 400, Astra 600, Star Model B
Military use: Spain, Belgium, Denmark
Similar cartridges: 9mm Steyr, 9mm Luger, .38 Super