The pre-WWI German export pistol cartridge. Used by nations that wanted a 9mm pistol before 9mm Parabellum became standardized — a commercial bridge between eras.
Type: Pistol
Introduced: 1908, Germany
Parent case: 7.63x25mm Mauser
Standardization: SAAMI
Bullet diameter: 0.355" (9.02 mm)
Case length: 0.984" (24.99 mm)
Overall length: 1.378" (35 mm)
Max pressure: 35,000 PSI
Rim type: Rimless
Primer: Small Pistol
Typical twist rate: 1:9.8
Muzzle velocity: 1350–1500 fps
Muzzle energy: 517–640 ft-lbs
Effective range: 50 yd
Common bullet weights: 128 gr
Primary use: Military (Historical)
Production status: Active
Also known as: 9mm Mauser · 9x25 Mauser
History: Developed for export markets as Germany marketed Mauser pistols internationally. Austria-Hungary adopted it for the Steyr M1912 (though they used 9mm Steyr instead). The cartridge competed with Georg Luger's 9mm Parabellum in the critical pre-WWI period. DWM's 9mm Parabellum ultimately won the standardization battle.
Notable firearms: Mauser C96 (some variants), Various export pistols
Military use: {"country":"Austria-Hungary","years":""}, {"country":"Various export markets","years":""}
Similar cartridges: 9mm Luger, .38 Super